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Empanada - Home Economics

 Empanada 

What are you developing?    

We are making a healthy dish where there are a lot of nutrients you can get.

What healthy dishes have we made so far? 

• Stir fry 
• Smoothies 
• Frittata
• Mexican chicken
• Spring rolls
• Apple crumble
• Muffins
• Vegetarian nachos
• Open steak sandwich
• Mac n cheese 
• Nachos

Who is the product for? The people in our group

Why are you making this product? We are making this product to showcase the Mexican, Latin American, European and Filipino Culture. 

What flavours and colours go together? 

Beef + Potato + Carrots + Cheese + Seasonings (Cayenne Pepper, Salt, Pepper)

Capsicum + Mince Pork + Peas  + Corn +  Seasonings (Chilli Flakes)

Chicken + Potato + Raisins + Seasonings (Salt and Pepper)

Vegetarian: 

Potato + Capsicum + Peas + Seasonings (Salt and Pepper)

Corn + Carrots + Raisins + Potato + Seasonings (Salt and Pepper) 

How to make your healthy dish appealing and attractive?

We are going to make this dish healthy by filling it with proteins such as chicken, fish, beef. Vitamins and minerals from vegetables such as corn, potatoes, etc. 

We will make it look more attractive, by adding colourful vegetables, maybe adding meat depending on the people who like meat as it looks more appetizing. We want to make the dough wrapping look more interesting or pretty. By using a fork on the edge creating a nice ridge or rim. 

What are the pros (good) and cons (bad) of these recipes?

Pros: 

• It has a lot of nutrients and benefits such as providing energy if we were to use potatoes since it has starch in it. 
• Because of the ingredients, this can be food that lasts long, as it has complex foods in it and macronutrients. 

Cons: 

• A classic way of making it is by adding meat into it so maybe some people might be vegetarians. 
• Depending on the ingredients it may not be so healthy.

Modifications - do you need to modify (change) anything? Add a healthier filling by putting vegetables together

What macro and micronutrients are in your dish?

Macronutrients: 

• Potatoes
• Carrots
• Eggs  
• Peas
• Butchery NZ Premium Beef Mince
• Butchery NZ Pork Mince 
• Butchery NZ Chicken Tenderloins 
• Produced Red Capsicum 
• Value Whole Kernel Corn 
• Meadow Fresh Traditional Sour Cream
• Mainland Tasty Grated Cheese 

Micronutrients:

• Salt & Pepper & Cayenne Pepper
• Chilli Flakes 
• Value Raisins 
• Trident Sweet and Chilli Sauce 

Shopping List: 

Resource: Pak n Save

• Farmer Brown Size 7 Eggs - 12pk ($3.29) 
• Produce Carrots - 100g ($0.27)  = ($0.81)
• Value Potatoes - 3kg ($4.99)
• Value Garden Peas - 1kg ($2.09)
• Butchery NZ Premium Beef Mince - 100g ($1.40)
• Butchery NZ Pork Mince - 100g ($1.60)
• Butchery NZ Chicken Tenderloins - 100g ($1.80) 
• Produced Red Capsicum - ($0.95)
• Value Whole Kernel Corn - 410g ($0.95)
• Chilli Flakes - 20g ($2.09)
• Value Raisins - 400g ($3.09)
• Meadow Fresh Traditional Sour Cream - 250g ($2.79) for Dip-In-Sauce
• Trident Sweet and Chilli Sauce - 285g ($1.99) for Dip-In-Sauce
• Mainland Tasty Grated Cheese - 375g ($7.29)

Total: $35.45

Ingredients + Method: 

• 450 g sirloin steak
• olive oil
• 2 cloves of garlic
• 1 large onion
• 1 red pepper
• 1 fresh red chilli
• ½ tablespoon sweet smoked paprika
• 1 teaspoon ground cumin
• 20 g black olives (stone in)
• 1 tablespoon tomato purée
• ½ an organic beef stock cube
• 1 large free­-range egg
• 500 g plain flour
• 2 teaspoons baking powder
• 150 g unsalted butter (cold)

Resource: https://www.jamieoliver.com/recipes/beef-recipes/beef-empanadas/

1. To make the pastry, combine the flour, baking powder and 1 teaspoon of sea salt in a large bowl. Finely chop or coarsely grate the butter, then rub into the dry mix until it resembles fine breadcrumbs.
2. Mix in just enough cold water to bring it together, then wrap in clingfilm and pop in the fridge for 1 hour.
3. Meanwhile, finely chop and add the sirloin with 1 tablespoon of oil to a large non-stick frying pan over medium-high heat. Fry for 1 to 2 minutes, then remove to a plate.
4. Peel and finely chop the garlic and onion. Deseed and finely chop the pepper and chilli, then add to the frying pan over medium-low heat. Stir in the paprika and cumin, and fry for 10 minutes, or until softened.
5. Crush the olives with the flat side of your knife, pull out and discard the stones, then finely chop the flesh.
6. Add the purée to the pan and crumble in the stock cube. Fry for a further minute, then add the olives and 100ml of boiling water. Bring to the boil, season lightly with sea salt and black pepper.
7. Cook for 8 to 10 minutes over a medium heat, or until the liquid has almost completely evaporated. Return the beef and any resting juices to the pan, stir well, then leave to cool completely.
8. Preheat the oven to 190°C/375°F/gas 5.
9. Divide the pastry into 14 equal pieces, then roll each portion into 14cm circles and the thickness of a pound coin – use a biscuit cutter or saucer for an accurate round.
10. Spoon 2 tablespoons of the filling onto the middle of each pastry round, brush the edges with a little beaten egg, then fold them over the filling to make a semi-circle. Press the edges together with a fork to seal, then place onto a large, lightly greased baking tray.
11. Brush the empanadas with the beaten egg and bake in the hot oven for 25 to 30 minutes, or until golden and crisp. Leave to rest for a few minutes, then serve on a platter.

Evaluation 

5 Senses:

Sight: It doesn't look appealing because we ran out of time when we were filling the puff pastry because as soon as we got the filling out of the pan. We put it straight in the puff pastry and it melted it. There were small holes on the pastry because it melted so the filling was clearly visible. It was pale but had a brownish golden colour due to the egg. When you bite into it, you can see every ingredient that was used, it was very colourful.

Touch: The texture outside was crunchy because we used an egg to brush the dough. Inside, it was soft because of the potatoes and carrots and juicy due to the chicken and beef.

Smell: It smells really good, aromatic due to the combinations of different ingredients.

Taste: The fillings tasted good despite its appearance, it was cheesy and a bit spicy. Pleasant on the taste buds.

Hear: When you bite into it, you can hear the crunch. 

What are my thoughts? It was surprisingly good, although the shape was a fail, the fillings inside were good and it tasted better than I expected it to be. 

What needs to be worked on?

I think that we didn't have bad time management, it only seems like that's the reason but the real reason was we didn't have enough time to cook the fillings because there were a lot of ingredients. We had an hour to make it but it didn't feel like an hour. We ran out of time but managed to cook the empanadas although it needed a little bit more time to be cooked. 

I think what also needs to improve is knowing what to do and how to collaborate as part of the group. Some of the people in my group weren't working as fast as I wanted them to be. I did try to help as much as someone who has made and eaten empanada. Some also didn't know what to do, so that was my fault for not telling them before.

Expectations 

Reality

Mortgage Loans - Business Studies

 What is a Mortgage Loan? It's a loan from the bank or other financial institution that helps the borrower to purchase a home. 

Positives 

• The interest rates are lower than other types of borrowing. 
• Long-term mortgages can give you more time to pay.
• No security risks.
• A stable rate of interest.
• Fewer documentary charges.

Negatives

• You pay back more than what you borrowed.
• The loan amount is larger than with a conventional, fixed-rate mortgage.
• Debt

Why would we use this loan?

It is an example of good debt because interests are low and it can be used to purchase a home.

"Massive Pear" - Visual Art

We have been learning about miniature figures by "Slinkachu". The different techniques and angles and shots that are used effectively to make the figures realistic.

About Slinkachu's work (consider its purpose, how it is made, how it is viewed, and why it is interesting and valuable).

He has a big imagination and is very passionate about art. His art is not drawing on a paper but using miniature figures and small objects to create a scene which he takes photography shot with. His figurines come already made, most of them are made by a German company ‘Preiser’, some can be bought by model shops and online. He would also customise some them, adding elements such as colour - painting those mini-figures, moulding the figures using modelling clays, changing its leg and arm position. For some people, it may be viewed as ‘odd’ but it’s also interesting and intriguing because those kind of artworks are not common in this generation, not a lot of people would think of that idea. The interesting thing about his artwork is that he used small objects that are often seen as less valuable or important. I can tell he is a person who is innovative, someone who thinks outside the box, an intelligent and creative person. One of his photograph/art, he used a bag of Cheetos with Cheetos inside, there were also 5 figurines and one was holding up a flashlight or torch. It's valuable because it’s rare to see someone do that kind of artwork and it can even be displayed at a museum. 

Some of Slinkachu's Works

Cast Away (Obonjan, Croatia, 2016)

Life As We Know It (Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent, 2016)

Bank Balance (Chiswick, London, 2013)

Developing Ideas 

Develop your own visual ideas in response to Slinkachu's work. Use your imagination to combine small figures with aspects of your school environment and objects in your immediate surroundings. Remember that you are creating your own work, not recreating a work by Slinkachu. Develop your own ideas in drawings and trial photographs. 

Work

This is my own artwork, the compositions that are in my work is an Asian Pear and small figurines. I used blu tack to stick the miniature people on the background, The background, I used a white paper. I used a blank white paper because it brings out the colour more and also it creates shadows. 

 

The story of the Enormous Pear

"In the world of humans, a massive unknown object has fallen from the sky, it triggered the people's curiosity and so they went towards it. Everybody talked about it, some said it was from the "Gods" while others said it is a sign of bad luck. The gossip has spread and the message went to the leader.  "Do not fear, for I am here to protect my people" the leader said." 

Reflection

The term will finally end, that means, works will be needed to finish. Speaking of work, I have finished my work in Visual Arts. I've learnt a lot of techniques from a semester in visual arts and I'm glad that even though I don't know much about arts and photography, I was able to learn properly. 

Teeth, Nutrition and Digestion - Hurumanu - Science

In Science, we have been learning about the different parts of the human body and now, we have to make a DLO about all the things we have learnt about the parts of the teeth and its purpose as well as the digestive system. 

It is our choice of how we are going to present and show our learning, we can either make a diagram, slideshow presentation, mindmap, etc.

I'm really proud of the things that I have learnt in Science, I enjoyed all the classes and the experiments and animals dissections we did.

What is the "Digestive System?" 

The digestive system is a set of organs in the body that work together to break down food and liquids into small portions of nutrients.

Why is the Digestive System important? 

The digestive system is important because our bodies need nutrients from food and water such as proteins, fats, vitamins, etc. to function properly and stay healthy.

Facts:

• A human produces about 1.5 litres of saliva every day.
• Hiccups can be caused by a change in the temperature that happens suddenly.
• Stomach growling can happen even when you're not hungry because your stomach contracts to ensure there is no leftover food in the stomach. 
• The gall bladder stores the bile used to break down dietary fat.
•  The digestive system is the "second brain", this is because scientists have found that there is a strong connection between the gut and the mental health of a person and it goes beyond the "butterflies in the stomach" and the "gut feeling". 

If the words can't be read, here is the link: https://coggle.it/diagram/X7wpGiM6PVzsH7hN/t/digestive-system-and-dentition/96709c71da869882c047413cfbc978c24dae201469db3e7a05075bfd0080a4a6

Resources: https://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/humanbody/digestivesystem.html

https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/oesophageal-cancer/the-oesophagus

https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-stomach#:~:text=The%20stomach%20is%20a%20muscular,and%20enzymes%20that%20digest%20food.

https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-intestines

https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-intestines#:~:text=The%20large%20intestine%20(colon%20or,create%20the%20urge%20to%20defecate.

https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/rectumhttps://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-anus#:~:text=The%20anus%20is%20the%20opening,attaches%20it%20to%20nearby%20structures.

https://quizlet.com/nz/478963911/teeth-flash-cards/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-problems/symptoms-causes/syc-20374502#:~:text=The%20liver%20is%20an%20organ,can%20be%20inherited%20(genetic).

Budgeting Venn Diagram - Business Studies

 In our lesson in Business Studies, we had to make a Venn diagram of the differences and similarities of "Savings" and "Credits". 

This is the one that I made, I listed down the things I already know and some, I researched. 

Water Safety Tips!!!

 This is a poster about "Water Safety Tips" that you need to know about. It is important to know about the dangers in the water to keep ourselves from warm and to be safe while having fun.

Crispy Mexican Chicken Wrap - Home Economics

In our lesson in Home Economics, we made "Crispy Mexican Chicken Wrap". 

Ingredients: 

• Capsicum 
• Carrots
• Cheese
• Lettuce 
• Chicken 
• Crispy Seasoning 
• Tortilla  
• Chives
• Sour Cream
• Salsa

Flavour: 

It was juicy and cheese. 

Texture: 

It was crispy and smooth due to the sour cream and salsa. 

Rate: 

5/5 

Comments: I really love anything that's savoury and has meat and vegetables. What I don't like is a dish with just vegetables. But the wrap has chicken has was coated with crumbs and seasonings. It went well with the lettuce and carrots which made that wrap juicy and crunchy. There were also toppings such as the salsa, cheese and sour cream that made it creamy and sour and salty. And I love it.

Arthritis Research - Hurumanu - Science

  What are the causes of “Arthritis?”

Arthritis is the pain, swelling and stiffness on the joints of our bodies, enabling us to do daily activities and giving us difficulties to climb stairs or walk. Majority of foods have ingredients that will trigger the body and cause inflammation that may cause arthritis or/and worsen it. These ingredients are processed foods, omega-6 fatty acids, sugar, red meat, fried food, refined carbohydrates, cheese and high-fat dairy products, alcohol. 

Resources: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7621#treatment

https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/arthritis/

Can everyone get arthritis? 

Arthritis is a joint pain or disease, it is inevitable, most especially people aging. People of all ages, races, sexes can get arthritis, some will and most have. 

Resources: https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/what-is-arthritis#:~:text=Actually%2C%20%E2%80%9Carthritis%E2%80%9D%20is%20not,cause%20of%20disability%20in%20America.

Who is most likely to get arthritis?

Arthritis may be inherited from a family member, some of these cases run in the genes of the family. Ageing - getting old, can also develop arthritis. Women will most likely develop rheumatoid arthritis while most men get arthritis which is in the gout. Having previous joint injury due to sports and other activities can develop arthritis. People with obesity have a higher risk of getting arthritis.

Resources: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350772

What are the two most common types of arthritis? 

Osteoarthritis - It is the most common form of arthritis, affecting people worldwide, it can damage the joint but it mostly affects the joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Also known as “RA”, is a disease that causes inflammation, pain and swelling in the joints, it can occur in any age between 25-50 like I said on the other question, rheumatoid arthritis affects more women than men. 

Resources: https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/cmc/difference-between-osteoarthritis-and-rheumatoid-arthritis#:~:text=Osteoarthritis%20and%20rheumatoid%20arthritis%20are%20two%20of%20the%20most%20common%20forms.

What are the two ways to prevent arthritis?

Reduce the consumption of processed foods and saturated fats. Eating vegetables, fruits, nuts and beans can help prevent and fight arthritis. Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet can help reduce pain and pressure on the joints.  Start or do physical activities or exercises that keep your body to move around and as well as your muscles. Splumments can also treat arthritis pain such as omega-3 fatty acids, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D, and curcumin. 

Resources: https://www.partnermd.com/blog/prevent-arthritis-naturally-diet-exercise

https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/management.htm

https://www.arthritis-health.com/blog/top-4-supplements-treat-arthritis-pain

How is it treated? 

Occupational or physical therapy

can help treat arthritis, exercise, medical drugs. Sometimes, surgery can also help. 

https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/management.htm

Antisocial Personality Disorder & Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Project - Health - Hurumanu

In health, we have finished the topic of "Discovery" we had choices which kind of discovery we can make a presentation about, this presentation is important because it is an assessment. I worked with 2 people in this project, Shiela and Rieya. We were given options of how we can do our assessment to show our learning; a documentary, art, song, poster, etc. 

Firstly, we had to plan out how we are going to present our chosen topic and how we are going to include those answer to our 5 big questions. We brainstormed different ideas of our own and also told the members in our group our opinions such as pros and cons. 

After deciding on a presentation, we have decided to create a film, showing the symptoms and causes of having ASPD.  

Roles:

• Skyler (me) as Scarlette Vasquez - The psychopath 
• Shiela as Ms Alliano - The police and therapist/psychiatrist 
• Rieya as Rachael Norris - Amateur News Reporter 

(I did the editing at home)

5 Big Questions & Answers: 

Why is ASPD (Antisocial Personality Disorder) Harmful? ASPD has negative effects not only on the individual but also on their family and friends. You can hurt or kill other people if you are experiencing this disease. ASPD can also lead them to do things like smoking, using drugs or being addicted to alcohol. The person who has ASPD also has a higher risk of physical health problems than others. These people also don’t like to talk to others, even their family/friends, some of them are less likely to have friends.

When should you ask for help? You should seek help immediately because if you wait longer then the symptoms will get worse and it may become dangerous for the people around you and for yourself. 

How do you know when you have ASPD? The symptoms of ASPD are disregarding for the right and wrong, persistent lying, being disrespectful of others, using one's vulnerability to manipulate others, extremely opinionated, breaking laws, violating the rights of others, impulsiveness, hostility, lack of empathy, poor and abusive relationship with others, failure to identify the consequences, being irresponsible, aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, violation of rules. 

How does society affect a person's brain before having ASPD? Genetic and environmental factors such as abuse are believed to contribute to the development of ASPD. If abuse is continued more than 3 months (long term) then there is a risk that the person being abused will have aspd even though the symptoms may not show. But if it’s stopped or prevented before 3 months then the person that’s being abused can still recover from it.

How is it passed down from generation to generation? ASPD is not inherited but it can be passed down if you are abusive to a relationship and acting out on the symptoms of the disorder to a person, most especially a young family member. 

Strategies to help people with ASPD

Strategies	What the strategies are	What areas of wellbeing the strategy will improve and how	Short term and/or long term
Strategy 1	I will try to communicate with other people especially with my friends/family.	Taha Whanau because you will have good communication with them and they can help you to improve yourself. Taha Hinengaro because you will feel better by talking and telling them the things that you were worried about.	LT
Strategy 2	I will go seek help from an adult or someone I trust.	Taha whanau because it means that you are building more connection and trust with the person you told you had ASPD on.	ST
Strategy 3	I will go to the doctor or a psychologist	Taha Hinengaro because they are the people who can help me the most with my condition and it will improve my mental and emotional health especially when the symptoms are not severe yet. It will give me reassurance.   Taha Tinana because when my mental and emotional health have improved it will also improve my physical because it will prevent me from harming anyone nor myself and it might even inspire me to have a healthy body and wellbeing.  Taha Wairua because my values and beliefs will get stronger especially if I believe in God. My devotion to God will enhance.  Taha whanau because it will help me build a much stronger and deeper connection with my relationship with others.	LT

We didn't really have a hard time or found anything difficult but of course, we did struggle on the filming part because we're not really experts with films or professionally good so we had a few giggles. But we, as a group, are able to manage ourselves; be serious and mature. After all that hard work and large amount of effort, we have finally finished the film. For some reason, it won't upload here on my blog but here is the link (Click)

20-Dollar-Budget for Dinner - Business Studies

In our lesson in Business Studies, we had an activity to do, it's a combination of grocery shopping and budgeting. We had a budget of 20 dollars and we had to buy the ingredients and calculate how much they cost so that it'd fit in our budget. 

I decided to make "Beef Broccoli with Mashed Potatoes" on the side. 

I have looked up the costs and ingredients in Pak N Save's online shopping.  

Requirements for the dinner:

• Healthy
• Nutritious 
• Yummy 
• Under or at least 20 dollars 

Ingredients for Beef Broccoli:

• Salt 
• Pepper
• Soy Sauce
• Beef 
• Broccoli 
• Oil 

Ingredient for Mashed Potatoes: 

• Milk
• Butter 
• Potatoes 

Product	Costs
	$1.95 x 4   = $7.8
	$0.99 x 4  = $3.96
	$0.25 x 10  = $2.5
	$1.94
	$1.89
	Total  $7.8 + $3.96 + $2.5  = $14.26 + $1.94 + $1.89 =$18.09

Why Do We Need To Save Up? - Business Studies

 In business studies, we are learning about 'savings'. After learning about that topic and discussion with everyone, our classmates, including our teacher. We had to brainstorm using a Mindmap. I made mine using 'Coggle'. 

This includes the purpose, benefits, keywords and the things that will happen if you don't save up. 

In addition to budgeting, we had to illustrate the key words of budgeting; Income, Conflict between a consumer and services/goods, savings, and consumer. 

We had to work with a pair, I paired up with Rieya, my friend. 

Can you guess which one is which? 

(Additional Information) Coraline Characters - English: Film Study

Miss Spink and Miss Forcible

What do they wear/look like?

• They are both wearing bathrobes - Miss Spink is wearing a turquoise/teal-ish robe, and Miss Forcible is wearing a pink-ish robe. 

• In the normal world, they are both really old and in the other world, they are much younger. 

• Pieces of jewellery 

• Reading glasses 

• They wear bright makeup 

• Circus jumpsuits (for performance) 

• Puppets with button eyes

• In the normal world, they are very fat and in the other world, they are much skinnier.   

What are their character traits? 

•  Odd

•  Dog lover 

•  Mysterious 

•  Exaggerated

•  Loves Sewing  

•  Tarot reading

•  Does Gardening

•  Acrobatics/Trapeze

How do they add to the plot of the film? 

They were added to the plot of the film to give entertainment to the viewers of the movie. The two characters both have the same personality which is optimism and cheerful where the audience would find amusing. Miss Spink and Miss Forcible were introduced with the ‘grandma/aunt’ vibe. 

Smoothies - Home Economics

Today, in our lesson in Home Economics, we made smoothies, not just regular smoothies but healthy smoothies with different nutrients. The smoother recipes were divided into each group. We had to rate and give comments about each smoothie.  Each group require 4 people, my group's recipe was 'Chocolate Banana Smoothie'. 

We each had little cups where we pour and taste the smoothies on. 

The smoothies (I can remember) were...

• Chocolate Banana Smoothie 

Rate:  5/5

Texture: Smooth & Creamy

Comments: I like the combination of the chocolate and banana because the taste of banana, it's naturally sweet and the chocolate flavour complemented the sweetness of the banana, giving it a creamy texture.

Something I would change: Nothing

• Mango and Banana Smoothie

Rate:  4/5

Texture: Smooth, Silky and Creamy

Comments: The sour taste of the mango goes well with the sweetness of the banana.

Something I would change: Maybe add vanilla ice cream

• Frozen Fruit Yoghurt Smoothie 

Rate:  3/5

Texture: Rough bits 

Comments: The weetbix gave the texture roughness but it was overall smooth. It was a bit sour due to the berries that were used. 

Something I would change: sift it to get rid of the rough texture because I think it would be better to have a smooth and creamy texture.

• Banana Ice Cream Smoothie 

Rate:  4/5

Texture: Smooth 

Comments: There were chunky bits 

Something I would change: Add vanilla ice cream

• Peach Smoothie 

Rate:  2/5 

Texture: Smooth and Creamy and Shiny

Comments: The peach gave the smoothie a sour flavour 

Something I would change: Add vanilla ice cream and leave peach chunks 

Coraline Plot - English: Film Study - Hurumanu

 What are we learning? In our lesson in English Film Study, we learnt about the plot of the movie Coraline. We needed to include the...

• Exposition - The characters, Theme & Idea and Setting 
• Complication - The scene which triggers the chain of events or where something is about to happen
• Rising Action - This includes the series of events that increases the tension; to lead the climax of the story. 
• Climax - Where the problem is about to begin
• Falling Action - Where the problem has begun 
• Resolution - The problem has been solved by the protagonist
• Denouement - The ending of the story or the finale 

We needed to make a timeline of the plot of the story that includes those parts of the plot. 

I made mine using "Canva". 

How does this my learning?

This shows how much I know about the event in the movies and that I am able to show my presentation skills as well as my knowledge. 

What am I wondering as a result of my learning? 

I am wondering how I can use the skills I have earned in the next topic in English

P.S If the video doesn't work here is the link  (Click here) 

An Environmental Crisis: Ocean Pollution Essay - Hurumanu - Sustainability

Pollution is an environmental crisis our world has been enduring for decades, within this topic, our discussion will be about ‘Ocean Pollution’. This essay is illustrated with examples of the causes and the numerous pollution incidents. 

Looking at where it all began, one of the biggest causes of ocean pollution comes from “non-point source pollution”. For instance, motor vehicle engines like trucks, cars, boats, including larger sources such as farms and ranches. They drop small amounts of oil each day onto roads and much of these oils make their way to the sea. Similarly, when oil flows in sewers, rivers and drainage, it goes directly in the ocean. As well as minerals and substances, they often make their way into the ocean. The release of these chemicals in the ocean’s ecosystem could lead to a reduction in the oxygen levels, decay of plant life and a decline of water quality. 

In the extension of the topic ‘Oil Spillage’, some of these oils come from sea vessels. Let’s use ships as an example, when ships travel, a preponderance of oils leak out and go to the ocean. Speaking of ships, let’s look at this text even further. In 1988, in the North Sea, the oil platform of ‘Piper Alpha’ below the sea was destroyed by an outbreak of fire on its surface, killing 167 workers (1.8 million litres of oil spillage). Another crisis, in June 1990, an outburst on board of a Norweigian supertanker called ‘The Mega Borg’, spilling an estimation of 23 million litres of crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico. 

These accidental and on purpose oil spills are responsible for killing and injuring large sea creatures. Whales, seals as well as seabirds and fish, small seashore animals such as barnacles and snails. Planktons and tiny plants which live on and below the sea surface.

Another problem is dumping food waste and toxic liquids in the ocean, they raise the ocean’s temperature, as a result of glacier integration and raising the ocean levels. When the ocean’s temperature rises, it will cause coral bleaching and the loss of breeding grounds for marine fishes and mammals, hence a reduction in marine life. 

Pollution is affecting marine life and overall the world. Without the ocean, people and most animals would die from dehydration. The ocean absorbs 50 times more carbon dioxide than our atmosphere, it covers 70% of the Earth surface. This means that the air we breathe, the majority comes from the absorption of our ocean. 

Consequently, toxic chemicals from industries plus productions, such as waste and agricultural pollution are the two most common waste. Some of these water pollutants could also cause air pollution as well as land. In other words, our Earth relies on the ocean as much as the ocean relies on land. It's our duty to protect our resources if we still want to have them. It’s up to our hospitality and determination to protect the waters. 

Resources:

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-ocean-pollution.php

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pollution.html

https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/23685/20190826/world-without-oceans-what-fate.htm

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/an-ocean-renaissance-is-key-to-our-survival/#:~:text=care%20of%20us.-,Without%20healthy%20oceans%2C%20our%20life%20on%20Earth%20would%20be%20severely,cannot%20exist%20without%20an%20ocean.

https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/7353/without-the-oceans-you-wouldnt-exist/

without-the-oceans-you-wouldnt-exist/

Books: Environmental Disasters - Oil Spills by J Walker